Leading-edge semiconductor equipment and subsystem suppliers — EUV lithography (ASML), etch/deposition (Lam, Applied Materials, Tokyo Electron), ALD and epitaxy (ASM International), process control and yield management (KLA), photomasks (Photronics), ion implant (Axcelis), gas/RF delivery (MKS), and parts cleaning (Ultra Clean) — alongside TSMC as the primary foundry beneficiary of the AI-driven front-end capex supercycle.